A Visit to Kapal Mouchan by Anand Koul, 1909


In 1911 Volume II issue of Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Pandit Anand Koul reported discovery of stone inscriptions at the springs at Kapal Mouchan by two priest named Lakshaman Bayu and Vishnu Bayu [‘Boi’ of Kashmiri, for priest or ‘Gor Boi’].

The stone inscriptions were in Sharda and of much interest because the date on them put them in 18th century, around 1789 when Afghans were governing Kashmir (Timur Shah (1772-1793 A.D.), a period which is now remembered as a period of much persecution. It is interesting that even around that time Sharda survived and Pandits were working on their holy places.

Bhushan Kumar Kaul Deambi in his work ‘Sarada and Takari Alphabets: Origin and Development’ (2008) mentions the inscription but reports that this important inscription is now untraceable.

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Finished uploading the paper, you can read it here at archive.org

Notes on Pilgrimages in the Country of Cashmere, 1866

“The tendency of the Hindu inhabitants of Cashmere, to localise in his own small, though levelly valley the fabled incidents of his religion, common to all lands where the Brahminical faith prevails, is, I believe generally known. In putting on record, therefore, a few notes on the pilgrimages of Cashmere, I may be, perhaps merely on a small scale, assigning to local spots the fables which more properly belong to the entire Hindu Pantheon, and have their localities elsewhere in Hindustan.”
Notes on Pilgrimages in the Country of Cashmere
by Major D. F. Newall, R. A.
from travels in Kashmir valley in 1866
from
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
Volume XXXV, Issue IV, 1867

Pilgrimages covered, along with routes and other details:



1. Amarnath
Fourteen places for bathing (snan)
Stops:
Srinagar, Pandrethon, Padinapore,Jubroroo(?), Awantipore, Hurriepore (?), Wagahamoo, Husti-ki-nar-Nargum, Chakredhar, Deojie-zan,Wuzzeeshur,Hurrrichundra Raj, Tejwarrah, Soorie Goophar, Succur-gaom, Buddraroo, Sullur, Ganeshbul, Neela Gunga, Tanashur, Panch Taringini, Amreeshur, 
2. Hur Moktur Gunga (Gungabul)
four days before mid summer.
Vecha Kund (Vichar Nag), about a mile from the shores of Dul Lake on road towards Lar.
Walk along marshes of Hakrit Bul, reach Gundoor Nagar.
Mahirji gaon
Numoor
Karrung-ka-Nuddue
Ramaradun
Mahulish Merg
Mumsadar
Mundi-Kettur
Gangbul
Nara Nag
Wangut
Woosun
Ends back at Vichar Nag
3. Pilgrimage to Martund
Seven places for snan
Deokie Yar
Doomia Shrum
Anant Nag
Gutim Nag
Charkabul
Ends at Anant Nag
4. Pilgrimage to Vitasta Kund
Ten places for snan
Sooneyar
Gunpatyaar
Mullyar
Shriya
Bijbehara
Waupoosh, a part of old Bijbehara
Hur Nag
Virnag
[reference in paper to ‘Keer Bownie’…Khir Bhawani…]
Vitasta Kund
Kootee Teerut via Baramula
5. Pilgrimage to Suhoojun Teerut
Three places for snan
Mahadamuttie
Luhoojun (fire from earth). Pandits cook rice.
Return to Mahadamuttie
6. Pilgrimage to Kapal Muchan
Taken by grave sinner
7. Pilgrimage to Sheeva DEvi
In Bring Pergunnah. For old people. 
Shahabad towards Meribul Pass
8. Pilgrimage to Kunhyie Matar
Four places for Snan
Related to draining of valley.
Baramula
Papaharun Nag
Kinchijie Matar
Return to Baramula
9. Pilgrimage to Teiposh Kur
Two places for snan
In Bongil Pergunna. 
Karg
10. Second pilgrimage to Vitasta Kund
Eight places of snan
Kanibul
Meeting point of Vitasta, Sumbooderi and Rhiddur (Lidder)
Deokie Zar
Bejbehara
Sungum
Shriya
Mullyar
Gunputyar
Soomyar
Baramula
11. Pilgrimage of Raja Bhageerut, deity of Vitasta.
Ten places of snan
Kanibul
Sumbooderi Tirat
Deokieyar
Bijbehara
Sungum
Shriya
Mullyar
Gunpatyar
Soomyar
Baramula

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Paper uploaded and can be accessed here at archive.org

Farmers Of Jammu, Kashmir And Ladakh (1959)



Free give away rare book this month for SearchKashmir Free Book ProjectThis is the twelfth and final book released this year. 

Kashmir specific photographs from the M.S. Randhawa’s ‘Farmers of India’ series were previously shared in July by Man Mohan Munshi Ji [here]. The photographer was Hari Krishna Gorkha.

I am now sharing the entire Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh section from M.S. Randhawa’s ‘Farmers of India’ series. Volume 1 (1959).

Interesting bits:

Kashmiri name of things.

Apples: Abru or Ambri. Mohi Amri. Khuddu Sari. Nabadi Trel. Sill Trel. Khatoni Trel. Dud Ambri. Wild Apples: Tet shakr. Malmu.

Pears: Nak Satarwati. Nak Gulabi. Gosh Bug (Bub). Tang.

Walnuts: Kaghazi. Burzal. Wantu.

Local name of the type of soil: grutu, bahil, sekil and dazanlad.

Most of the archaic information in the write up comes from Walter Roper Lawrence’s ‘The Valley of Kashmir’ (1895), which in turn relied on expertise of Kashmiri historian Ghulam Hasan Shah (1832-1898). That should some idea about the lack of documentation on such matter since then. Also, the importance of this colonial work for the new bureaucracy of independent India. 

The books does offer tabled details on the area under cultivation and the approximate output.

Read and download here:
http://goo.gl/lmAhYH

Magic Mountain (1945) by Eve Orme


Free give away rare book this month for
 SearchKashmir Free Book ProjectThis is the eleventh book released this year. Remember, these are mostly books that were not previously publicly available online.

In 1926, a British woman, Eve Orme, accompanied her husband on a shikar trip to Ladakh. It was unusual back then for a ‘memsahib’ to accompany a sahib on a hunting trip to Ladakh. Usually the men would go hunting to Ladakh while their women would lounge in Srinagar. Something that Orme considered ordinary holiday of ordinary woman. She wanted something more. An escape from ordinary.

In around 1945, while Britain was still a war zone, writing this ‘Magic Mountain’ from here personal diaries proved to be an escape from the harsh realities of World War two.

“I am at home in London with its dusty look of war-weariness; its battered, razed buildings, and its steadfast calm.
A woman passes me in Bond Street, leaving a whiff behind her of what is perhaps her last drain of expensive French scent, minty and aromatic. How strange that after eighteen years, in the heart of this island fortress, an evanescent trail of perfume should still take me back so swiftly to Ladakh. That it should remind me of the cheerful, grinning faces of our ponymen, of Rahim, who wrote though a “munshi” some years after our arrival in England, “My body is in the East, but my eyes and heart, Memsahib, turn always to the West.” The ache to be on the road is in my heart again as I think of the mountain, peace, and that almighty silence.”

Interesting bits:

Ladakhis staging a skit in about the sahibs visiting their land. They make fun of the fact that Kashmiris are not great mountaineers.

In Ladakh, Eve Orme met novelist Martin L Gompertz, famous as ‘Ganpat’. Ganpat went to write about his experience of the trip in ‘Magic Ladakh’ (1928).

Eve Orme also met a French woman named Mlle La Fougie who was travelling alone in the region looking for Ladakhi paintings.


A taxidermist named Mohammed Baba in Srinagar. The same name crops up in travelogue of Walter Del Mar published in 1906, ‘The romantic East: Burma, Assam, & Kashmir’

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Archive.org Link





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Complete Anand Koul Collection

Between 1910s, 20s and 30s, Anand Koul remained one of the most prolific writers from Kashmir. He wrote books and shot off letters to various journals. Most of these writings are now often cited in writings about language, folklore and history of Kashmir. Last couple of years, I have been tracing, reading, uploading and sharing these works.

Works of Pandit Anand Koul complied/uploaded/scanned till now.

Pandit Anand Koul
1. A biography of Kashmiri historian Hasan Shah and History of Kashmir by Pandit Anand Koul for Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal vol 9 (1913)
History of Kashmir by Pandit Anand Koul for Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal vol 6 (1910)
Blog Link (2014)
2. Kashmiri Pandits by Pandit Anand Koul, 1924
Blog Link (2013)
3. Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (1925) by Anand Koul
Book Link (2014)
4. “Birth-Place of Kalidasa By Pandit Anand Koul. Published in Journal of Indian History VII (1928).

Blog Link (2012)

5. Note on the Relation between Kashmir and Kerala (By Pandit S. Anand Koul.
Kerala Society Papers -1928. T. K. Joseph (Ed.) )

Blog Link (2013), this one was an accidental find while I was going through history of Kerala after moving to the place.
6. A Life of Nand Rishi by Pandit Anand Koul (1929)
+
‘Life Sketch of Laleshwari – A Great Hermitess of Kashmir’
+

(The Wise Saying of Lal Ded)
The Indian Antiquary
June, 1930

Blog Link (2014)
7. Kashmiri Riddles By Pandit Anand Koul (1933)
Link (2014)
8. Two volumes of ‘Archaeological Remains In Kashmir’ by Pandit Anand Koul, 1935

Blog Link (2012)

9. Kashmiri Proverbs Pandit Anand Koul (1933)
10. Wise Sayings of Nand Rishi by Anand Koul for ‘The Indian Antiquary’ (1933)
11. ‘Life of Rishi Pir Pandit Padshah’ by Pandit Anand Koul for ‘The Indian Antiquary’ (1931). There is a lengthy detour in the piece that touches upon story of Sarmad’s killing by Aurangzeb.

12.  ‘Life of Rupa Bhawani’ by Pandit Anand Koul and presented in ‘The Indian Antiquary’ (1932). Both this and the precious piece about Rishi Pir throw light upon the influence of Persian language among Kashmiri Pandits in around 1600s.

Link

13. Lalla-Vakyani, some additional sayings of Lal Ded collected by Pandit Anand Koul and presented in ‘The Indian Antiquary’ (1931-32-33). (one missing page, 2 sayings)

Link

14. A Visit to Kapal Mouchan by Anand Koul, 1909

Link

15. ‘The Kashmir Shawl Trade’ by Anand Koul, 1915. From ‘East And West  Vol. 14(1915)’

Important paper by Anand Koul on the Kashmiri Shawl trade with rare info. that went on to be primary source for later writings on the subject.
16. “Sanitation In Srinagar” by Anand Koul 1917. From “The Local Self-government Gazette (Vol. 3)”.
Important paper by Anand Koul on the early challenges in starting Sanitation municipal work in Srinagar as the head of the newly started department.
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Defending Kashmir (1949)

Free give away rare book this month for SearchKashmir Free Book Project. This is the tenth book released this year.


Defending Kashmir (1949)

Gives account of fighting in all the major sectors in Jammu and Kashmir in year 1947-48. Appendix for the books gives timeline of events starting from September 1947 leading to war. Also, the conditions and the terms of various ceasefires before the end of war, alongwith the first UN documents, letters and resolutions on India and Pakistan dealing with ‘Kashmir Questions’.

Two Tempests on a reconnaissance flight over the Kashmir valley


Read/Download:

http://goo.gl/HYLnXu

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Tackling The Impossible (1944)



Free give away rare book this month for SearchKashmir Free Book Project. This is the ninth book released this year.

A school booklet from year 1944 published by Church Mission School, Srinagar. Among a lot of interesting things, this one gives the story of inauguration of ‘Rainawari Hockey Ground’ in Srinagar, first ever in Kashmir. All girl excursions to high lakes and mountains organised by Miss Mallinson. Also, the story of “The Sheikh Bagh Preparatory School” started in 1939 by Eric Tyndale-Biscoe for primarily for British and other expat boys. Then a bit about the fact that some of the early school songs were modelled on the refrain style of boatmen of Kashmir.

Cover Illustration by Miss G. Palin of Girl’s School

Read and download the book: Here

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Previously:

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Trekking in Kashmir by Barbara Earl, 1930

Give away book this month for SearchKashmir Free Book Project

By early 20th century, a lot of women travellers started visiting Kashmir. Although, there are quite a few travelogues based on their experiences in Kashmir (Americans Dr. Arley Munson (1913), Alberta Johnston Denis (1934)), the books barely mention how these fiercely independent women were managing such strenuous travels. “Trekking in Kashmir, with a family, or without one” by English woman, based in Kodiakanal, Barbara Earl, is rare travel guide in that sense. Written in 1930 and published in Lahore, it was meant for women who wanted to go trekking in Kashmir valley, ‘with or without family’. So, besides the detailed (updated) travel information, it came with a lot of practical advise like: How to water proof a tent using something called ‘Sunlight’ soap, avoid theft at camp site, repel fleas and mosquitoes, manage supplies, which medicines to carry, and how to bake cookies before setting off for treks in Kashmir.

Barbara went with her two young children and a retinue of Kashmiri helpers

‘Nawal Kishore & Sons’
An Ad for a Motor Shop in Rawalpindi 
This copy is heavy on ‘pen underlining’. The owner eighty years ago was using to to learn English,

Regretfully, Map is (almost completely) missing 

Read and download the book: Here

Lake and River Scouts in Kashmir, 1926

The free book uploaded this month for SearchKashmir Free Book project is a school report published by Church Missionary Society for year 1926 and titled ‘Lake and River Scouts in Kashmir’. From the work, it seems there were other such reports too that covered other Biscoe lead activities in Kashmir.

There are details of number of people saved by the students from drowning, details about the way girls wing of C.M.S. school was proceeding (with emphasis on the school in Anantnag) and funding details of the institution (not surprisingly a lot of Pandit are there in the list of donors and receptors of . Interestingly, the funding from West was to suffer when the World War 2 started). Then there are some stories that are presented as lessons for others.

The C.M.S. Poor Fund 1926
Some interesting name’s there

First Company of Kashmir Guides
Mallinson Girls
Bride over Kuta Kul Canal

The complete work is now available here at Archive.org

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Holidaying and Trekking in Kashmir (1969) by N. L. Bakaya

The free book released this month under SearchKashmir Free Book project is part of a legacy of Biscoe School where a special emphasis was laid on familiarizing the students with the local geography. The school was famous for its trekking tours.  Over the years, after the British left, some of these students went on to become the advocates of the importance of such activities in overall growth of an individual. One of such persons was N. L. Bakaya.

“N.L. Bakaya born in 1892, received education at the C.M.S. Tyndale Biscoe High School and later at the S.P. College, Srinagar. In 1914, he joined the Biscoe School as a teacher and retired in 1954 as Headmaster. It was at this school that he developed a passion for trekking and climbing, besides water and other sports.

As Sports Secretary, he organised regattas, tournaments and other sports. Every summer he organised parties to climb prominent peaks and treks across the charming side valleys of Kashmir. He has also travelled widely all over India as well as Burma.
After retirement in 1954, Bakaya was asked by the State Government to organise sports for the State and was appointed Special Sports Organiser for five years. In this capacity, he organised youth camps and put physical education in the State Educational Institutions on a sound basis. He is one of the founder members of the Kashmir Olympic Association and the Kashmir Football Federation.”
What this book offers is clear precise details on how to proceed about trekking in Kashmir. 
Some maps from the book:

Map of Srinagar City
Sketch Showing Treks from Pahalgam

Sketch Showing Trek From Sonamarg to Gangabal
Sketch Showing Treks across Pir Panchal
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