Kashmir Lithographs, 1840

From ‘Travels in Kashmir, Ladak, Iskardo ‘ (1840), G.T. Vigne’s book about his travels in Kashmir in 1835.

Char Chinari

Costume of a Kashmirian Lady

Masjid of Deodar, at the entrance of the Valley by Shopian Road

Inside Mattan Sun Temple

Great Hindu Tempe of Martund

View of the Jhelum in the interior of the city of Kashmir

Distant view of Srinagar or the City of Kashmir, lying between the Fort and the Tukh-i-Suliman with the Land and the Isle of Chunars and the mountain of Harmukh in the distance.

Wonderful note about the above image by Man Mohan Munshi Ji via email:
 This a very interesting Sketch of Srinagar, Kashmir and nearby mountains as
 viewed from Trasr (Charar.) The spur on the extreme right in the foreground
is  the Pandrethan /Badami Bagh ridge and darker isolated hill in it’s
immediate vicinity is the Gopadri – Shankracharya Hill and the gap between
the two is the two is Gupkar the site of Karan Palace. A smaller lighter
coloured hill on the left side is the Hariparbat.The white patch between
the two hills is the Dal lake. The mountain in the background  on the right
is the Zabarwan- Sureshwati ridge. The one on its left is the Saraba Hill
 extending from Mahadeo towards Ganderbal. In between the Zabarwan and
Sarabal ridge is the Dachigam valley /Sanctuary. The Hill on the extreme
left  in the background is the North Kashmir Range with Haramukh peak not
clearly visible

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Harihar Kalyan – Shiv Lagun by Krishna Razdan,1938

Man Mohan Munshi Ji shares these pages from ‘Harihar Kalyan – Shiv Lagun’ by Krishna Razdan (c 1850-1925, village Vanpoh) published in 1995 Bikarmi (1938). At the end I am adding the interesting entry for this book given in Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (1988).

Title cover of the book 
Ganesh Leela ‘Omkara roop chuk Sarva’
Shiv Leela‘Sat Chat annanda amrit chavtum’
Krishan Leela
Patmeeshwar Purno 
Vishnu Leela
‘Madha Kant marvaney  Vesh Darvaney’
Ashta Dasbazi Devi leela‘Sumran Chaney sari Paaph hari Hari Parbatch Hari Yay’

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Harihar Kalyan (Kashmiri) (grace of Shiva) is the only collection of the poems of the prominent Bhakti poet of Kashmir Krishna Razdan in Persio-Arabic script. The book was published posthumously in 1930. Since then it has been published several times. Its last edition appeared in 1955 from Srinagar. All the earlier editions were published from the same place.
The publication is in fact an abridged edition of Shiva parinayah an anthology of poems of Krishna Razdan, published by the Royal Asiatic Society of bengal in six volumes from 1914 to 1924 with Sanskrit Chaya by Mukundram Shastri. The book appeared in the life-time of the poet under the editorship of George Abraham Grierson in Devanagri script. [available here]Harihar kalyan is the main title of the book and its subtitle is Shiva lagun (The wedding of shiva) as there are several sweet songs pertaining to the marriage of Shiva with Parvati inculded in the book. Both the titles appear on the front page of the book in bold letters. This excellent book is prized by all those who have some taste for good and genuine poetry that is why this book can be seen almost in every Hindu household. But the genuine and creative poetry of Razdan has attracted the attention of the learned and cultured Muslims also. A keen observer will not fail to see the copies of Harihar kalyan in sophisticated Muslim households. Though this book is small in size and volume as compared to Shiva parinayah, the fame of Razdan as a poet of repute rests on this book alone.. Shiv patinayah is no doubt comprehensive, well arranged and neatly printed verse anthology of Krishna Razdan but it is till now known only to a few researchers and readers of Kashmiri because it is not available in the market and its Devanagri script has not been popular enough so far. The book contains some of the most popular compositions of the poet, which form an invaluable part of our verse literature. The compoosition inculded in Harihar kalyan are generally termed as ‘lila’ (the play or the sport). In fact all the religious songs in Kashmiri have been classed or termed as lila literature, but speaking in the language of literature, ‘lila’ in itself is not separate form of poetry. 

~ entry for the book in Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (1988).

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“In spite of being a philosophical and religious poet,” says [ Abdul Ahad ] Azad, “he never chose esoteric themes and notions, but made his language of the earth, earthy. His bhajans and leelas could naturally not be in the highly Persianized Kashmiri.”

~ entry for the poet in A History of Kashmiri Literature by Trilokinath Raina.

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Gyan Prakash, Kashmiri Leelas, 1949

Man Mohan Munshi Ji shares some more from his treasures. These are pages from a collection of Kashmiri Leelas published under the title  ‘Gyan Prakash’. This was the third edition of the book published in 2006 Bikarmi (1949).

Title Cover

First Leela

A Hindi Leela

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Untitled Post

In winters
a woman
arrives in city
She walks house to house
door to door
Claiming to be a Hindu
a Pandit
driven
Out she asks for money
For Poor Children.
To Feed.

On some days
People
some they pay
But not before they hear
a sad story or two

Then on some days
she runs into
some other Kashmiris
In their offices, apartments and bungalows
‘But how can that be!’
They exclaim.
They think.
‘It happened wayback in 90s.’

And so they ask her
for a proof

Now, if you be a pandit
sing us a leela
in Kashmiri, if you can
any shall do.

The woman
taking a deep breath
holds it for a minute or two
and then bursts croaking
Shiva Shiva Shiva
Shiva Shiva Shiva
Shiva Shiva Shiva

Pencil sketches of Kashmir, 1895

Pencil sketches of Kashmir by David McCormick from his book ‘An artist in the Himalayas’ (1895)

Bandipur

boats at Chinar Bagh

Evening in Chinar Bagh

Dal Lake

On the Jhelum

Jhelum

Sanarwain

Towing up the Jhelam

Tragbal

Women Pounding Grain

Baramulla

Boatman

Coolies at Burzil

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Kashmir, Expedition, 1909


Photographs by Vittorio Sella from ‘Karakoram and Western Himalaya 1909, an account of the expedition of H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amadeo of Savoy, duke of the Abruzzi’ by Filippo De Filippi (1912).

Boatman on Dal Lake

Dancer at Parkutta

K2

view of Srinagar from Hari Parbat

Zoji La Pass

The Kashmiri Ramayana, 1930



hechith buzith wuchith lagun pazaya on

phalis chuy hyol helis chuy sampanan gon


panun dam chuy ganimath boz yih rtch kath
chuh bruthyum broth rozan chuy patyum path



 “During my stay in Kashmir in the year 1893 I often heard of the existence of a Ramayana in the Kashmirir language, but failed to obtain a copy of it. I ascertained, however, that the name of the author, Divakara Prakasa Bhatta, was well known, and that there was a tradition that he was alive during the eight years of the reign of the Hindu king, Sukhajivana Simha, who, according to Hariscandra’s Kashmira Kusuma, came to the throne in 1786, and he lived in the Gojawar (Skt. Gulikavatika) Quarter of the City of Srinagar. So far as I could make out, in 1893 the poem could be found only in fragments, no entire copy of the epic being then known to exist. I accordingly employed Pandit (afterwards Mahamahopadhyaya) Mukunda Rama Sastru, who was assisting me in the preparation  of my Kashmiri Dictionary, to endeavor to collect the fragments and from them to piece together as complete a copy of the whole as was possible. He was fortunate enough to procure several long sections and from them the text of the poem as given in the following pages has been compiled. This is the text to which references are made in the Kashmiri Dictionary, and it is offered merely as a valuable specimen of the language, and in no way as a critical edition.”

Here is: ‘The Kashmiri Ramayana: Comprising the Sriramavataracarita and the Lavakusayuddhacarita of Divakara Prakasa Bhatta’ compiled by George Abraham Grierson in 1930.

I came across it at Digital Library of India and converted it to pdf format for easy reading. Here is the download link.

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Previously:

Sketches from Kashmiri Ramayan in Persian Script, 1940s, with some notes on the Kashmiri version of the epic . From when I had only heard about this book.

My Nani’s song that led me to look for the Kashmiri Ramayanas. Sadly, the lines she sings do not appear in this book. But at least I now know where those lines probably fit in the epic.

Last year I heard my nani sing following lines to herself.

Khir Khand Khyen’chi ae’sis pr’ye
kan-mool khey’th wo’yn kad’ya su dyeh

ga’yom hay’e Ram dand’ak wan
s’yeeth Seeta ti by’e Lakhman

ga’yom hay’e Ram dand’ak wan
ky’end ma’sy’nas tha’ye kho’ran

ga’yom hay’e Ram dand’ak wan

pyeth’kaayan osus na waar
burzakaayan wo’yn an’ya su baar

A transliteration of the lines:

He used to have Candy and Kheer
Now he lives on wild roots and vegetables

My Ram has gone to live in Dandaka Forest
Along with him have gone Sita and Lakshman

My Ram has gone to live in Dandaka Forest
Will not thorns bruise his soft feet
My Ram has gone to live in Dandaka Forest

Even silken robes weren’t soft enough for his skin
Now, will he roam around wearing Birch barks?

In this book similar lines occur in the section on Ram’s departure to forest and the subsequent laments by his near and dear ones. In book we have line:

wolukh tani burza trowikh tasa-makhamal
pakan gay trenaway az-rah-i-jangal

Interestingly, above are drawing on Persian (makhamal: velvetrah-i-jangal: forest-way) while in my Nani’s version similar thought is conveyed using words pyeth’kaayan: Silken.

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